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The Military Use of Alan Turing

by Andrew Hodges

for a conference volume on Mathematics and War (2003/4).

For a guide to this website go to the Alan Turing Home Page




This article was written for a conference on Mathematics and War, Karlskrona, Sweden, August 2002.



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References

Good, I.J., Michie, D., et al. (1945) General report on Tunny, page 327. This document became available at the Public Record Office, London in 2000.

Bauer, F. L. (2000) Decrypted Secrets (new edition) (New York: Springer)

Davis, M. (2000) The Universal Computer (New York: Norton)

Gandy, R. O. (1954) letter to M. H. A. Newman, in King's College archive, published in volume 4 of The Collected Works of A. M. Turing, eds. R. O. Gandy and C. E. M. Yates (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2001)

Good, I. J. (1979) Studies in the History of Probability and Statistics. XXXVII. A. M. Turing's statistical work in World War II, Biometrika 66, 2, 393-6.

Good, I. J. (2000) Turing's anticipation of Empirical Bayes in connection with the cryptanalysis of the Naval Enigma, J. Stats. Comp. & Simul. 66, (101-111), and in volume 4 of The Collected Works of A. M. Turing, eds. R. O. Gandy and C. E. M. Yates (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2001)

Hardy, G. H. (1940) A mathematician's apology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Hodges, A. (1983) Alan Turing: the Enigma (London: Burnett, New York: Simon & Schuster; new editions London, Vintage 1992, New York: Walker 2000)

Hodges, A. (1997) Turing, a natural philosopher (London: Phoenix; also New York: Routledge, 1999). Included in The Great Philosophers (eds. R. Monk and F. Raphael, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2000)

Hodges, A. (2002) Alan M. Turing, in E. N. Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu

Mahon, A. P. (1945) The History of Hut Eight, (Public Record Office, London, HW 25/3).

Newman, M. H. A. (1955), Alan M. Turing, Biographical memoirs of the Royal Society, 253.

Penrose, R. (1989) The emperor's new mind (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press)

Penrose, R. (1994) Shadows of the mind (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press)

Turing, A. M. (1936) Letter to Sara Turing, in Kings College Archive; see also (Hodges 1983, page 120).

Turing, A. M. (1936-7) On computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Proc. London Maths. Soc., ser. 2, 42, (230-265), also in volume 4 of The Collected Works of A. M. Turing, eds. R. O. Gandy and C. E. M. Yates (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2001)

Turing, A. M. (1939) Systems of Logic defined by Ordinals, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., ser. 2, 45, 161-228, also in volume 4 of The Collected Works of A. M. Turing, eds. R. O. Gandy and C. E. M. Yates (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2001).

Turing, A. M. (1940) Mathematical theory of ENIGMA machine (Public Record Office, London: HW25/3)

Turing, A. M. (1946), Proposed Electronic Calculator, report for National Physical Laboratory, Teddington; published in A. M. Turing's ACE Report of 1946 and Other Papers (eds. B. E. Carpenter and R. W. Doran, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), and in Volume 3 of The Collected Works of A. M. Turing (ed. D. C. Ince, Amsterdam: North-Holland 1992)

Turing, A. M. (1947) Lecture to the London Mathematical Society, typescript in King's College, Cambridge, published in A. M. Turing's ACE Report of 1946 and Other Papers (eds. B. E. Carpenter and R. W. Doran, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), and in Volume 3 of The Collected Works of A. M. Turing (ed. D. C. Ince, Amsterdam: North-Holland 1992)

Turing A. M. (1948), Intelligent machinery, unpublished report for National Physical Laboratory; published (ed. D. Michie) in Machine Intelligence 7 (1969), and in Volume 3 of The Collected Works of A. M. Turing (ed. D. C. Ince, Amsterdam: North-Holland 1992)

Turing A. M. (1950), Computing machinery and intelligence, Mind 49, (433-460)

Turing A. M. (1954a) Solvable and Unsolvable Problems, Penguin Science News 31.

Turing, A. M. (1954b) Postcard, quoted in volume 4 of The Collected Works of A. M. Turing, eds. R. O. Gandy and C. E. M. Yates (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2001); reproduced in (Hodges 1983, page 513).




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